HUBUNGAN LITERASI KESEHATAN DENGAN PERAWATAN DIRI LANSIA DENGAN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2

Aliyah Nur Alfita, Neti Juniarti, Hesti Platini

Abstract


Peningkatan prevalensi DM pada lansia menjadi tantangan kesehatan yang memerlukan pengelolaan melalui perawatan diri guna mengendalikan kadar glukosa darah dan meminimalkan risiko komplikasi. Literasi kesehatan berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan pemahaman informasi kesehatan sehingga mendukung perilaku perawatan diri yang lebih optimal. Tujuan penelitian: Studi ini dirancang untuk menganalisis hubungan antara literasi kesehatan dan perawatan diri lansia penderita DM tipe 2. Metode: Studi ini menerapkan desain kuantitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif korelasional dengan sampel 81 lansia pengidap DM tipe 2, ditentukan melalui teknik purposive sampling. Data diperoleh pada bulan Oktober–November 2025 menggunakan kuesioner HLS-EU-Q16 dan SDSCA, kemudian dianalisis berdasarkan analisis univariat dan analisis bivariat uji Spearman rank. Hasil: Temuan mengindikasikan bahwa jumlah terbanyak lansia dengan DM tipe 2 memiliki tingkat literasi kesehatan yang memadai (sufficient) (53,1%) dan perawatan diri yang cukup baik (70,4%). Hasil uji statistik Spearman’s rho menunjukkan hasil dengan nilai p-value <,001 dan nilai (r = 0,406) menyatakan bahwa hasil tersebut memiliki hubungan positif dengan tingkat korelasi sedang/moderat. Diskusi: Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara kemampuan lansia dalam memahami hingga memanfaatkan informasi kesehatan dengan pelaksanaan praktik perawatan diri. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara pemahaman lansia terhadap informasi kesehatan dengan kemampuan dalam melaksanakan perawatan diri, meskipun beberapa aspek masih perlu ditingkatkan. Oleh karena itu, disarankan pengembangan edukasi kesehatan yang lebih praktis dan mudah dipahami, seperti penggunaan media visual sederhana serta pemantauan rutin berbasis buku kontrol perawatan diri dengan pendampingan kader kesehatan setempat untuk membantu lansia dalam menjaga konsistensi perawatan diri.

Kata Kunci: diabetes melitus (DM), lansia, literasi kesehatan, perawatan diri.

 

Correlation Between Health Literacy and Self-Care Activities Among Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

ABSTRACT

The rising prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) among the elderly poses a significant healthcare challenge that demands effective self-care management to control blood glucose levels and minimize the risk of complications. Health literacy contributes to a better understanding of health information, thereby fostering more optimal self-care behaviors. Objective: This study was designed to analyze the correlation between health literacy and self-care practices among elderly individuals with type 2 DM. Methods: A quantitative study using a descriptive-correlational approach was conducted with a sample of 81 elderly individuals with type 2 DM, selected via purposive sampling. Data were collected between October and November 2025 utilizing the HLS-EU-Q16 and SDSCA questionnaires, and subsequently analyzed using univariate analysis and the Spearman rank bivariate test. Results: The findings indicated that the majority of elderly respondents with type 2 DM possessed sufficient health literacy (53.1%) and adequate self-care practices (70.4%). The Spearman’s rho statistical test yielded a p-value < 0.001 and a correlation coefficient of r = 0.406, indicating a statistically significant, positive correlation with a moderate correlation strength. Discussion: These findings demonstrate that the ability of older adults to comprehend and utilize health information is closely correlated to their execution of daily self-care practices. Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between older adults' understanding of health information and their capacity to perform self-care, although certain aspects still require improvement. Consequently, it is recommended to develop health education that is more practical and accessible, such as using simple visual media and routine monitoring via self-care logbooks, supported by local community health volunteers (kader kesehatan) to help the elderly maintain consistency in their self-care routines.

Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus (DM), Elderly, Health Literacy, Self-Care.


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References


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.32419/jppni.v11i1.838

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