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RANCANGAN PEMBELAJARAN KASUS BERBASIS E-LEARNING UNTUK ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN MATERNITAS DENGAN PENDEKATAN TAKSONOMI NANDA-I, NIC, NOC

Hidayah ., Lutfan Lazuardi, Wiwin Lismidiati

Abstract


ABSTRAK
Tujuan Penelitian: Mendeskripsikan kebutuhan pengguna untuk merancang pembelajaran kasus
berbasis e-learning dengan menggunakan pedoman NANDA-I, NIC, NOC dalam asuhan keperawatan
maternitas. Metode: Desain penelitian yang digunakan ialah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan
studi deskriptif analitik. Proses pengambilan sampel dengan cara purposive sampling. Partisipan
terdiri atas 2 orang dosen dan 5 orang mahasiswa. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan November 2015
selama 3 minggu. Analisis data dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan penyajian data dilakukan secara
deskriptif. Hasil Penelitian: Hasil penelitian terdiri atas 4 tema utama, yaitu (1) permasalahan dalam
proses pembelajaran asuhan keperawatan maternitas dengan menggunakan pedoman NANDA-I,
NIC, NOC baik yang berasal dari mahasiswa, dosen, maupun sistem pembelajaran. Permasalahan
meliputi pengajaran asuhan keperawatan belum seluruhnya menggunakan NANDA-I, NIC, NOC,
ketidakpahaman mahasiswa menggunakan NANDA-I, NIC, NOC jika diberikan kasus, fasilitas buku
perpustakaan terkait NANDA-I, NIC, NOC terbatas dan kurang lengkap; (2) tujuan pembelajaran
asuhan keperawatan maternitas dengan menggunakan pedoman NANDA-I, NIC dan NOC; (3)
tujuan pengembangan prototype e-learning, (4) spesifi kasi rancangan prototype E-learning yang
dibutuhkan pengguna yang meliputi tampilan user friendly dan menarik; konten yang diinginkan
berupa latihan penyelesaian kasus; kasus yang terdiri atas DM gestasional, preeklampsi, eklampsi,
sindrom HELLP, solutio plasenta, perdarahan antepartum, dan masalah sistem reproduksi. Sistem
pengamanan berupa password dan account, serta dilengkapi proses download serta fl eksibel
dan kompatibel. Diskusi: Faktor penyebab utama adanya masalah dalam pembelajaran asuhan
keperawatan dengan menggunakan NANDA-I, NIC, NOC, karena fokus pembelajaran yang lebih
ditekankan pada pengumpulan pengetahuan tanpa mempertimbangkan keterampilan dalam
melakukan asuhan keperawatan. Fokus rancangan prototype pembelajaran kasus berbasis
e-learning ini untuk selanjutnya bertumpu pada tampilan antarmuka serta pilihan skenario kasus
yang dapat mengakomodasi kebutuhan mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran kasus. Kesimpulan:
Pengembangan rancangan prototype pembelajaran kasus berbasis e-learning ini ditujukan sebagai
pelengkap pembelajaran konvensional yang berfokus pada aspek pengetahuan mahasiswa dalam
menerapkan penggunaan NANDA-I, NIC, NOC melalui latihan-latihan kasus yang diberikan.
Kata Kunci: E-learning, asuhan keperawatan maternitas, NANDA-I, NIC, NOC
THE DEVELOPMENT OF E-LEARNING-BASED CASE LEARNING FOR MATERNITY NURSING
CARE USING NANDA-I, NIC, NOC TAXONOMY APPROACH
ABSTRACT
Objective: To describe the development of E-learning-based case learning using the guidelines
taken from NANDA-I, NIC, NOC for maternity nursing care. Methods: This study was conducted
using a qualitative method with decsriptive analytical approach. Samples were taken using
purposive sampling technique. Participants consisted of two lectures and fi ve students. The study
was conducted in November 2015 for three weeks. Data were analyzed qualitatively and presented
descriptively. Results: The results of the study consisted of four major themes: (1) problems in
maternity nursing care learning process by using the guidelines taken from NANDA-I, NIC, NOC
from students, lecturers and learning systems. The problems were that not all teachings of nursing
care used NANDA-I, NIC, NOC, students did not understand using NANDA-I, NIC, NOC if case were
given, books related to NANDA-I, NIC, NOC in the library were limited and incomplete, (2) Objectives
of maternity nursing care learning by using the guidelines taken from NANDA-I, NIC and NOC,
(3) Objectives of the development of E-learning prototype, (4) Specifi cation of E-learning prototype
required by users such as user-friendly and interesting interface, contents consisting of case
exercises, cases including gestational DM, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, HELLP syndrome, placenta
solution, antepartum hemorrhage and reproduction system problems. Security system applied
password and account accompanied with a fl exible and compatible download page. Discussion:
Problems arose in nursing care learning which employed NANDA-I, NIC, NOC because the
learning process focused on collecting knowledge without taking skills in performing nursing care
into consideration. The development of E-learning-based case learning prototype was focused on
interface and the options of case scenario that can accommodate students’ requirements in the case
learning. Conclusion: E-learning-based case learning prototype was developed as a complementary
media for the conventional learning which focused on the cognitive aspects of students in employing
NANDA-I, NIC, NOC through case exercises provided.
Keywords: E-learning, Maternity Nursing Care, NANDA-I, NIC, NOC

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.32419/jppni.v1i3.28

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Jurnal PPNI (P-ISSN: 2503-1376 ; E-ISSN: 2549-8576)