Faktor Risiko Kejadian Komplikasi Kardiovaskuler pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus (DM) Tipe 2

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Tujuan penelitian: mengetahui faktor risiko: usia, jenis kelamin, tekanan darah, konsumsi obat, cek kesehatan, dan diet terhadap kejadian komplikasi kardiovaskuler pada pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Puskesmas Sikumana Kota Kupang. Metode: Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah analitik non eksperimen dengan rancangan case control. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 74 orang pasien DM tipe 2 yang terbagi dalam 37 orang sampel kasus dan 37 orang sampel kontrol. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji statistik regresi logistik dengan nilai signifikan α<0,05 dan OR>1. Hasil: 51,4% responden kelompok kasus mengalami komplikasi vaskuler ke otak (stroke non hemoragik/ SNH), 37,8% mengalami komplikasi vaskuler ke jantung (coronaria artery diseases/CAD), 8,1% responden kelompok kasus mengalami komplikasi SNH+coronary artery disease (CAD), dan 2,7% mengalami Angina Pectoris. Faktor risiko komplikasi: usia (p=0,32, OR=0,19), jenis kelamin (p=0,14, OR=13,2), tekanan darah (p=0,034, OR=0,02), konsumsi obat (p=0,34, OR=43,9), kontrol kesehatan (p=0,43, OR=0,53), diet (p=0,009, OR=3,29). Kesimpulan: kejadian komplikasi kardio vaskuler pada pasien DM tipe 2 di Puskesmas Sikumana Kota Kupang dipengaruhi oleh tekanan darah yang tinggi dan diet yang kurang baik.

Kata Kunci: DM tipe 2, komplikasi kardiovaskuler, faktor risiko

Risk Factor for the Occurrence of Cardiovascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Patients

ABSTRACT

Objective: the objective of the study is knowing risk factors: age, sex, blood pressure, drug consumption, health check, and diet for the occurrence of cardiovascular complications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients at Puskesmas Sikumana Kota Kupang. Methods: The research design used was non-experimental analytic with case control design. The study sample was 74 type 2 DM patients divided into 37 case samples and 37 control samples. Data were analyzed using logistic regression statistical tests with significant values α<0.05 and OR>1. Results: The results showed 51.4% of case group respondents had vascular complications to the brain (non-haemorrhagic stroke/SNH), 37.8% having vascular complications to the heart (coronary artery diseases/CAD), 8.1% of case group respondents had SNH+CAD complications, and 2.7% had Angina Pectoris. Risk factors for complications; age (p=0.32, OR=0.19), sex (p=0.14, OR=13.2), blood pressure (p=0.034, OR=0.02), drug consumption (p=0.34, OR=43.9), health control (p=0.43, OR=0.53), diet (p=0.009, OR=3.29). Conclusion: the incidence of cardio vascular complications in type 2 DM patients at the Sikumana Public Health Center in Kupang City was influenced by blood pressure and poor diet.

Keywords: DM type 2, cardiovascular complications, risk factors