Jurnal Persatuan Perawat Nasional Indonesia (JPPNI)
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HUBUNGAN BEBAN DAN KEBUTUHAN FAMILY CAREGIVER DALAM MERAWAT ANGGOTA KELUARGA DENGAN STROK
Abstract
Manajemen strok yang kompleks dan jangka panjang membuat keluarga sering kali menghadapi beban perawatan. Beban tersebut berkaitan dengan kemampuan keluarga dalam memenuhi kebutuhan perawatan pasien strok. Tujuan: Mengetahui hubungan beban dan kebutuhan family caregiver yang merawat anggota keluarga dengan strok di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Babakan Sari, Kota Bandung. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling dan diperoleh 80 family caregiver. ZBI-22 dan FNQ digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Data dianalisis dengan uji korelasi Spearman rank. Hasil: Sebanyak 40% merasakan beban ringan, 22,50% beban sedang, dan 2,50% beban berat. Secara umum, kebutuhan dengan tingkat keterpenuhan tertinggi didominasi oleh kebutuhan yang bersifat teknis dan berhubungan dengan perawatan sehari-sehari. Sebaliknya, kebutuhan dengan tingkat keterpenuhan yang rendah terdapat pada domain kebutuhan dukungan emosional dan profesional kesehatan, khususnya pada item kebutuhan mempelajari luka (36,36%) dan dukungan profesional untuk mengekspresikan perasaan (36,25%). Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara beban perawatan dan kebutuhan family caregiver dengan arah korelasi negatif (p-value < 0,001; r = –0,435). Diskusi: Semakin baik keterpenuhan kebutuhan family caregiver mencerminkan semakin rendah beban perawatan yang dirasakan. Kesimpulan: 1 dari 4 family caregiver merasakan beban sedang hingga berat serta kebutuhan pada aspek dukungan eksternal dinilai belum terpenuhi secara optimal. Penguatan dukungan profesional diperlukan bagi family caregiver guna mempertahankan kualitas perawatan dan mencegah dampak negatif proses perawatan yang panjang. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai faktor yang berhubungan dengan beban dan keterpenuhan kebutuhan perawatan.
Kata Kunci: beban perawatan, family caregiver, kebutuhan keluarga, strok.
Correlation Between Caregiver Burden and Family Caregiver Needs in Caring for Family Members with Stroke
ABSTRACT
The complex and long-term management of stroke often subjects families to significant caregiving burdens. This burden is directly related to the family's capacity to meet the caregiving needs of stroke patients. Objective: To identify the correlation between caregiver burden and the needs of family caregivers caring for family members with stroke in the Babakan Sari Community Health Center (Puskesmas) working area, Bandung City. Methods: This was a quantitative study utilizing a cross-sectional approach. Samples were selected using a purposive sampling technique, yielding 80 family caregivers. The Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI-22) and the Family Needs Questionnaire (FNQ) were employed as research instruments. Data were analyzed using the Spearman-Rank correlation test. Results: The findings showed that 40% of respondents experienced mild burden, 22.50% moderate burden, and 2.50% severe burden. In general, the needs with the highest level of fulfillment were dominated by technical and daily care-related needs. Conversely, the lowest fulfillment levels were found within the emotional support and healthcare professional domains, specifically regarding the need to learn about wound care (36.36%) and professional support for expressing emotions (36.25%). A significant negative correlation was found between caregiver burden and family caregiver needs (p-value < 0.001; r = -0.435). Discussion: Better fulfillment of family caregiver needs reflects a lower perceived caregiving burden. Conclusion: One in four family caregivers experiences moderate-to-severe burden, and needs regarding external support are not yet optimally fulfilled. Strengthening professional support is essential for family caregivers to maintain the quality of care and prevent the adverse effects of prolonged caregiving. Further research is warranted to investigate other factors associated with caregiver burden and the fulfillment of caregiving needs.
Keywords: caregiver burden, family caregiver, family needs, stroke.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.32419/jppni.v11i1.834
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