

EFIKASI DIRI IBU YANG MEMILIKI BAYI BERAT LAHIR RENDAH DENGAN DUKUNGAN SOSIAL DAN GEJALA DEPRESI
Abstract
Kondisi bayi berat lahir rendah (BBLR) berdampak pada efikasi diri maternal. Di Indonesia masih sedikit laporan mengenai efikasi diri maternal dikaitkan dengan dukungan sosial dan gejala depresi pada ibu yang memiliki BBLR. Tujuan: mengetahui hubungan efikasi diri ibu dengan dukungan sosial dan gejala depresi pada ibu postpartum primipara yang memiliki BBLR (ibu-BBLR) dibandingkan ibu yang memiliki BBLN (ibu-BBLN) di RS PKU Muhammadiyah Gombong. Metode: penelitian kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian cross sectional. Sampel dipilih dengan teknik consecutive sampling. Responden berjumlah 90 orang, meliputi 45 ibu-BBLR dan 45 ibu-BBLN. Pengambilan data pada Januari-Maret 2015 menggunakan kuesioner Perceived Maternal Parenting Self Efficacy (PMP-SE), dukungan sosial, dan Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale yang telah valid dan reliabel. Data dianalisis dengan uji t tidak berpasangan and Chi-square test. Hasil: Tingkat efikasi diri berbeda secara bermakna antara ibu-BBLR dan ibu-BBLN (p=0,07). Kedua kelompok menerima tingkat dukungan sosial yang tinggi (masing-masing 97,8%). Gejala depresi postpartum lebih banyak dialami oleh ibu-BBLR dibanding ibu-BBLN (17,8% vs 13,3%). Tidak ada hubungan antara efikasi diri dengan dukungan sosial (p=0,28) dan gejala depresi pada ibu-BBLR (p=57). Ada hubungan yang bermakna antara efikasi diri dengan dukungan sosial (p=0,04), namun tidak dengan gejala depresi postpartum (p=0,83), pada ibu-BBLN. Diskusi: Ibu-BBLR menunjukkan tingkat kepercayaan diri yang lebih rendah dibanding ibu-BBLN meskipun sama-sama melaporkan mendapatkan dukungan sosial yang tinggi dan tidak ada perbedaan dalam gejala depresi postpartum. Kesimpulan: diharapkan tenaga kesahatan memberikan dukungan sosial dan mendeteksi gejala depresi pada ibu-BBLR. Ibu postpartum diharapkan memanfaatkan sumber-sumber dukungan sosial yang ada di sekitarnya dan mengelola stres atau kecemasan yang dialami.
Kata Kunci: bayi berat lahir rendah, depresi, dukungan sosial, efikasi diri maternal, postpartum
Self-Efficacy of Women Who Have Low Birth Weight Babies with Social Support and Depression Symptoms
ABSTRACT
The condition of low birth weight (LBW) babies affects maternal self-efficacy. In Indonesia, there are still few reports of maternal self-efficacy correlated with social support and depression symptoms in mothers who have low birth weight. Objective: to reveal the correlation of maternal self-efficacy with social support and depression symptoms in primiparous postpartum mothers who have LBW babies (LBW mothers) compared to mothers who have NBW babies (NBW mothers) at PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital of Gombong. Methods: This research is quantitative with cross sectional research type. Samples were selected by using consecutive sampling technique. There were 90 respondents, including 45 LBWB mothers and 45 NBWB mothers. Data were collected from January until March 2015 using the Perceived Maternal Parenting Self Efficacy (PMP-SE) questionnaire, social support, and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale which were valid and reliable. Data were analyzed using the unpaired t test and the Chi-square test. Results: The level of self-efficacy was significantly different between LBWB mothers and NBWB mothers (p=0.07). Both groups received high levels of social support (97.8% each). Postpartum depression symptoms were more experienced by LBWB mothers than by NBWB mothers (17.8% vs 13.3%). There was no correlation between self-efficacy and social support (p=0.28) and depression symptoms in LBWB mothers (p=57). There was a significant correlation between self-efficacy and social support (p=0.04), but not with symptoms of postpartum depression (p=0.83), in NBWB mothers. Discussion: LBWB mothers showed lower self-confidence than LBWB mothers although they both reported getting high social support and there was no difference in symptoms of postpartum depression. Conclusion: It is expected that health workers provide social support and detect depression symptoms in LBWB mothers. Postpartum mothers are expected to take advantage of the sources of social support that exist around them and manage their stress or anxiety.
Keywords: low birth weight babies, depression, social support, maternal self-efficacy, postpartum
References
Abuchaim, E. S. V., Caldeira, N. T., Lucca, M. M. D., Varela, M., Silva, I. A. (2016). Postpartum depression and maternal self-efficacy for bresstfeeding: prevalence and association. Acta Paul Enferm, 29(6), 664-670.
Abuhammad, S. (2020). Predictors of maternal parenting self-efficacy for infants and toddlers: A jordanian study. PLOS ONE, 15(11), e0241585.
Adyas, A., Dika, & Karbito. (2019). BBLR diprediksi faktor utama kejadian stunting di provinsi Lampung: Warning untuk ibu bekerja dan penerapan pola asuh. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 11(4), 325-335.
Aryastami, N. K., Shankar, A., Kusumawardhani, N., Besral, B., Jahari, A. B., & Achadi, E. (2017). Low birth weight was the most dominant predictor associated with stunting among children aged 12-23 months in Indonesia. BMC nutrition, 3, 16.
Astuti, E. S., Nursalam, N., Devy, S. R., Etika, R. (2019). Knowledge, family support, and self-resilience capital when caring for low birth weight babies. Jurnal Ners, 14(1), 10-15.
Astutiningrum, D., Hapsari, E. D., Purwanta. (2016). Peningkatan parenting self efficacy pad aibu pasca seksio sesaria melalui konseling. Jurnal ners, 11(1), 134-141.
Azmoude, E., Jafarnejade, F., Mazlom, S. R. (2015). The predictors for maternal self-efficacy in early parenthood. Journal of Midwifery & Reproductive Health, 3(2), 368-376.
Bandura, A. (2009). Self-efficacy in changing societies. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Barnes, C.R., & Adamson-Macedo, E.N., 2007. Perceived Maternal Parenting Self Efficacy (PMP S-E) tool: development and validation with mothers of hospitalized preterm neonates. Journal of Advanced Nursing 60(5): 550-560.
Barros, F. C., Barros, A. J. D., Villar, J., Matijasevich, A., Domingues, M.
R., Victora, C. G. (2011). How many low birthweight babies in low- and middle-income countries are preterm? Rev Saude Publica, 45(3), 607-616.
Choiriyah, M., Hapsari, E. D., Lismidiati, W. (2015). Tradisi dan lingkungan sosial memengaruhi dukungan menyusui pada bayi berat lahir rendah di Kota Malang. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional, 10(1), 37-43.
Cutland, C. L., Lackritz, E. M., Mallett-Moore, T., Bardaji, A., Chandrasekaran, R., Lahariya, C., …, and the Brighton Collaboration Low Birth Weight Working Group. (2017). Low birth weight: case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of maternal immunization safety data. Vaccine, 35(48Part A), 6492-6500.
Dahlan, S., 2011. Statustik Untuk Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan (Edisi 5). Jakarta: Salemba Medika.
Doxtator, L. A. (2003). Maternal Confidence: A Comparison Between Mothers of Term and Preterm Infants by Feeding Method [Thesis]. Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
Cox, J. L. & Holden, J. M. (2003). Perinatal Mental Health: A Guide to The Edinburgh Postnatal Depressive Scale (EPDS). The Royal College of Psychiatrists.
Dalavari, M., Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi, S., Mirghafurvand, M. (2018). The relationship between maternal-fetal attachment and maternal self-efficacy in Iranian women: a prospective study. J Reprod Infant Psychol, 36(3), 302-311.
Ermiati. (2018). Perbandingan social support terhadap ibu hamil yang melahirkan bayi berat badan lahir rendah dengan bayi berat badan lahir normal di RSUD Dr. Muh. Soewandhie Surabaya [Tesis]. Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Fitria, I., Nurwati, R., Permatasari, D. P. Peran maternal self-efficacy sebagai mediator antara perceived social support dan depresi peripartum. Persona: Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia, 9(1), 170-188.
Gebremedhin, M, Ambaw, F., Admassu, E., Berhane, H. (2015). Maternal associated factors of low birth weight: a hospital based cross-sectional mixed study in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 15, 222
Herlina. (2008). Hubungan Tingkat Dukungan Sosial Dengan Tingkat Depresi Pada Ibu Postpartum Di Ruang Anggrek 2 RSUP Dr. Sardjito Yogyakarta [Skripsi]. Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Idiani, S. & Basuki, B. (2012). Postpartum depression in Indonesian women: a national study. Health Science Indones, 3(1), 3-8.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2020). Profil Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2019. Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Leahy-Warren, P., McCarthy, G., Corcoran, P. (2012). First-time mothers: social support, maternal parental self-efficacy and postnatal depression. J Clin Nurs, 21(3-4), 388-397.
Mahayana, S. A. S., Chundrayetti, E., & Yulistini. (2018). Faktor risiko yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian berat badan lahir rendah di RSUP dr. M. Djamil Padang. Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas, 4(3), 664-673.
Maehara, K., Mori, E., Tsuchiya, M., Iwata, H., Sakajo, A., Tamakoshi, K. (2016). Factors affecting maternal confidence and satisfaction in older Japanese primiparae during postpartum hospital stay. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 22(1), 14-21.
Mardiah, S. S. (2008). Hubungan Usia Ibu Dengan Gejala Postpartum Blues di Wilayah Kota Tasikmalaya [Tesis]. Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Mariana, N. (2016). Hubungan antara maternal self-efficacy dengan depresi postpartum pada ibu primipara [skripsi]. Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Mercer, R. T. (2004). Becoming a Mother Versus Maternal Role Attainment. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 34(3): 226-232.
Mirghafourvand, M. & Bagherinia, M. (2018). Relationship between maternal self-efficacy and functional status four months after delivery in Iranian primiparous women. J Psychosom Obstet Gynaecol, 39(4), 321-328.
Nazari, M, Zainiyah, S. Y. S., Lye, M. S., Zalilah, M. S., Heidarzadeh, M. (2013). Comparison of maternal characteristics in low birth weight and normal birth weight infants. East Mediterr Health J, 19(9), 775-581.
Nurhidayah, R., Poeranto, S., Astari, A. M. (2017). Effect of self efficacy, positive belief and social support on role adaptation of postpartum mother with post-trauma stress disorder (PTSD) in Kediri District. Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan, 5(2), 207-221.
Ozyurt, G., Ozyurt, A., Ozturk, T., Yaman, A., & Berk, T. (2018). Evaluation of maternal attachment, self-efficacy, levels of depression, and anxiety in mothers who have babies diagnosed with retinopathy of prematurity. Opthalmic Epidemiology, 25(2), 140-146.
Paul, P., Pais, M., Kamath, S., Pai, M. V., Lewis, L., Bhat, R. (2018). Perceived maternal parenting self efficacy and parent coping among mothers of preterm infants – a cross sectional survey. MJMS, 3(1), 24-27.
Salonen, A.H., Kaunonen, M., Åstedt-Kurki, P., Järvenpää, A.-L., Isoaho, H., & Tarkka, M.-T., 2009. Parenting self-efficacy after childbirth. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 65(11): 2324–2336.
Schuler, C., Ntow, G. E., Agbozo, F. (2019). Mothers’ experiences with neonatal care for low birth weight infants at home: a qualitative study in the Hohoe Municipality, Ghana. J Pediatr Nurs, 45, e44-e52.
Sholiha, H. & Sumarmi, S. (2015). Analisis risiko kejadian berat bayi lahir rendah (BBLR) pada primigravida. Media Gizi Indonesia, 10(1), 57-63.
Silveira, M. F., Victora, C. G., Horta, B. L., da Silva, B. G. C., Matijasevich, A., Barros, F. C. (2019). Low birthweight and preterm birth: trends and inequalities in four population-based birth cohorts in Pelotas, Brazil, 1982-2015. International Journal of Epidemiology, 48(issue supplement_1), i46-153.
Spencer, C., & Edwards, S., 2001. Neonatal intensive care unit environment: A review from the parent’s perspective. Journal of Neonatal Nursing, 7, 127-131.
Warren, P. L. (2005). First-time Mother: Social Support and Confidence in infant care. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 50(5): 479-488.
Wong, L.D., Hockenberry-Eaton, M., Wilson, D., Winkelstein, L.M., Schwartz, P., 2008. Buku Ajar Keperawatan Pediatrik Wong (Ed. 6). Jakarta: EGC.
Zheng, X., Morrel, J., Watts, K. (2018). Changes in maternal self-efficacy, postnatal depression symptoms, and social support among Chinese primiparous women during the initial postpartum period: A longitudinal study. Midwifery, 62, 151-160.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.32419/jppni.v5i3.307
Article Metrics
Abstract view : 5910 timesPDF (Bahasa Indonesia) - 767 times
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.

Jurnal PPNI (P-ISSN: 2503-1376 ; E-ISSN: 2549-8576)